Grape Pruning & Training In the Vineyard
Growing grapes and making wine out of them, has been in practice since the beginnings of farming custom. In order to maintain a healthy grapevine, it takes work and dedication. Since it can take up to three years for a vine to give fruit, this time allows the grower to tame the plant’s growth -and production- thru pruning. .
What is Pruning & Why do we need to do it?
Grapevines have to be trained to maintain plant size, shape, and productivity. They also take years to train. After the trellis is erected and the vine is planted the grapevine begins to take shape. Vines are allowed to grow from one strong shoot directly from the roots. Any other shoots that grow from the roots are clipped back. The main shoot is tied vertically to the trellis. After the next dormant period growers will need to develop the arms of the vine. Two shoots on either side of the main shoot are tied horizontally to the trellis and will serve as the base for the fruit or the arms. All other shoots are trimmed back and not allowed to grow. After the basic shape of the vine is shaped the pruning of the vine continues during the dormant periods. Pruning during dormant states throughout the life of the vine is a critical component in the production of grapes.
The Pruning Technique
After the trellis is set up and the grapevine is planted, vines will be permitted to grow from one main shoot that is tied vertically to the trellis. Any other shoots must be clipped back to prevent their growth. After the following dormant period, you must establish what will be the arms of the grapevine where your fruit will grow on. To do this, you tie two of the shoots that emerge from main shoot, horizontally onto the trellis. Make sure to trim back all other shoots to prevent their growth. After this step, the grapevine will begin to take shape on its own, with a pruning during the dormant season to help the plant. Pruning during dormant seasons is crucial to the harvest of healthy and flavorful grapes.
Why Prune: Benefits and Applications of the Pruning Process
Pruning can also reduce the crop production by removing the fruitful buds. By varying the amount that is pruned back will influence the crop level. If too much is pruned back, more shoots will grow on the vine which in turn produces more of a crop and more foliage. The more foliage on a vine results in a shady canopy which provides a poor environment for the grapes to ripen.
Pruning will rid your grapevines of fruiting canes or spurs from prior years that are now not productive. Vines’ canes only produce fruit during the first year of growth, so new, healthy canes must be grown constantly to secure your next harvest
Pruning Tools
Hand tools like loppers, hand pruners, and handsaws are typically used to prune grapevines. The goal for the grapevine owner is to avoid unnecessary injury to the plant. Most likely, when removing shoots that are one-year-old, hand pruners can be used effectively. On the other hand, larger wood should be cut with either the lopper or a handsaw.
Pruning is a fairly simple process that grape growers consistently rely on to obtain plentiful, healthy crops. Even though it will take some time and effort to tame your grapevine, it will be very well worth the effort once you collect your first harvest of perfect wine-making grapes.
Pierre Duponte is a grape growing expert. He spends his time teaching others how to make fine wines. For more great tips on pruning grapes or you can get his free 10 part mini course on grape growing and how to make wine visit http://www.grapegrowingwinemakingtips.com/.
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